励磁控制器是水轮发电机组的核心控制设备之一，主要作用是控制发电机组中的电磁励磁系统，控制发电机组电磁线圈的电流，以调节发电机的电压和电流输出值。其作用在于控制发电机励磁电流的大小和稳定性，从而控制输出电压和电流的大小和波动情况，保证发电机组在各种工作状态下能够稳定运行。具体来说，励磁控制器通过对励磁绕组电流进行控制和调节，使得发电机组的磁场保持在恒定的大小和稳定的状态下。当负载发生变化时，励磁控制器会自动调整励磁电流的大小和参数，以调节发电机的输出电压和电流，并保持其稳定运行。此外，如果发电机出现过电压、过电流等故障，励磁控制器也会立即发出相应的信号，通知监控系统进行处理。励磁控制器在水轮发电机组中起着重要的作用，通过对发电机组的励磁电流进行精确的控制和调节，保证发电机组的电压和电流输出的稳定性和质量同时也保证了水轮发电机组在不同负载和工作状态下的高效稳定运转。
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励磁是指在电磁设备（如发电机、变压器等)中通过外部能源输入来产生磁场的过程。励磁的工作原理涉及电磁感应和电磁现象，主要是通过电流产生磁场，从而实现设备正常运行。以下是励磁的基本工作原理:电磁感应:根据法拉第电磁感应定律，当导体中有电流通过时，会产生一个周围的磁场。反过来，当磁场穿过一个闭合的导体回路时，会在导体中诱发电动势。这就是通过电磁感应愿理来实现励磁的基础。自激励磁:在某些电磁设备中:设备自身的一部分可以产生磁场并通过反馈回路维持磁场的存在。这种情况下，设备就会自我激励磁场。例如，发电机中的励磁线圈可以产生初始磁场﹐然后发电机的输出电流通过控制回路调节励磁线圈的电流，从而保持磁场强度恒定。
The excitation controller is one of the core control equipment of the hydroelectric generator set, mainly used to control the electromagnetic excitation system in the generator set, control the current of the electromagnetic coil of the generator set, and adjust the voltage and current output value of the generator. Its function is to control the magnitude and stability of the excitation current of the generator, thereby controlling the magnitude and fluctuation of the output voltage and current, and ensuring the stable operation of the generator set under various working conditions. Specifically, the excitation controller controls and regulates the excitation winding current to maintain the magnetic field of the generator set at a constant size and stable state. When the load changes, the excitation controller will automatically adjust the size and parameters of the excitation current to adjust the output voltage and current of the generator and maintain its stable operation. In addition, if the generator experiences faults such as overvoltage and overcurrent, the excitation controller will immediately send out corresponding signals to notify the monitoring system for processing. The excitation controller plays an important role in the water turbine generator set. By accurately controlling and adjusting the excitation current of the generator set, it ensures the stability and quality of the voltage and current output of the generator set, while also ensuring the efficient and stable operation of the water turbine generator set under different loads and working conditions.
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Excitation refers to the process of generating a magnetic field in electromagnetic equipment (such as generators, transformers, etc.) through external energy input. The working principle of excitation involves electromagnetic induction and electromagnetic phenomena, mainly generating a magnetic field through current to achieve normal equipment operation. The following is the basic working principle of excitation: electromagnetic induction: According to Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, when a current passes through a conductor, a surrounding magnetic field is generated. Conversely, when a magnetic field passes through a closed conductor circuit, it induces an electromotive force in the conductor. This is the foundation for achieving excitation through electromagnetic induction. Self excited excitation: In some electromagnetic devices, a portion of the device itself can generate a magnetic field and maintain its existence through a feedback loop. In this case, the device will self excite the magnetic field. For example, the excitation coil in a generator can generate an initial magnetic field, and then the output current of the generator is regulated by the control circuit to maintain a constant magnetic field intensity.
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PLC内的I/O模板，除一般的DI/DO、AD/DA模板外，还发展了一系列特殊功能的I/O模板，这为PLC用于各行各业打开了出路，如用于条形码识别的ASCII/BASIC模板，用于反馈控制的PID模板，用于运行控制、机械加工的高速计数模板、单轴位置控制模板、双轴位置控制模板、凸轮定位器模板、射频识别接口模板等，这在以后还会有很大发展。另外在输入、输出的相关元件、强干扰场合的输入、输出电隔离、地隔离等方面也会更加完善。
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