伺服系统是使物体的位置、方位、状态等输出被控量能够跟随输入目标或给定值的任意变化的自动控制系统。伺服主要靠脉冲来定位,基本上可以这样理解,伺服电机接收到1个脉冲,就会旋转1个脉冲对应的角度,从而实现位移,因为,伺服电机本身具备发出脉冲的功能,所以伺服电机每旋转-个角度,都会发出对应数量的脉冲,这样,和伺服电机接受的脉冲形成了呼应,或者叫闭环,如此-来,系统就会知道发了多少脉冲给伺服电机,同时又收了多少脉冲回来,这样,就能够很精确的控制电机的转动,从而实现精确的定位,可以达到0.001mm。直流伺服电机分为有刷和无刷电机。
有刷电机成本低,结构简单,启动转矩大,调速范围宽,控制容易,需要维护,但维护不方便换碳刷,产生电磁干扰,对环境有要求。因此它可以用于对成本敏感的普通业和民用场合。无刷电机体积小,量轻,出出大,响应快,速度高,惯量小,转动平滑,力矩稳定。控制复杂,容易实现智能化,电子换相方式灵活,可以方波换相或正弦波换相。电机免维护,效率很高,运行温度低,电磁辐射很小,长寿命,可用于各种环境。
A servo system is an automatic control system that allows the output controlled variables of an object’s position, orientation, state, etc. to follow any changes in the input target or given value. Servo mainly relies on pulses for positioning. Basically, it can be understood that when a servo motor receives one pulse, it will rotate the corresponding angle of one pulse to achieve displacement. Because the servo motor itself has the function of emitting pulses, it will emit a corresponding number of pulses for each rotation angle. This corresponds to the pulses received by the servo motor, or is called a closed loop, The system will know how many pulses are sent to the servo motor and how many pulses are received back, so that it can accurately control the rotation of the motor and achieve precise positioning, which can reach 0.001mm. DC servo motors are divided into brushed and brushless motors.
Brushless motors have low cost, simple structure, large starting torque, wide speed regulation range, easy control, and require maintenance. However, maintenance is not convenient for replacing carbon brushes, resulting in electromagnetic interference and environmental requirements. Therefore, it can be used in cost sensitive general industry and civil applications. Brushless motors have small volume, light weight, large output, fast response, high speed, small inertia, smooth rotation, and stable torque. The control is complex, easy to achieve intelligence, and the electronic commutation method is flexible, which can be square wave commutation or sine wave commutation. The motor is maintenance free, has high efficiency, operates at low temperatures, has minimal electromagnetic radiation, and has a long lifespan. It can be used in various environments.
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