尽管电源模块的可靠性比较高,但也可能发生故障,在dc/dc模块中,一般可能发 生的故障有以下几种:
1、模块在使用过程中输出电压降低;
2、模块停止工作;
3、模块输出电压过高;
4、模块输入短路;
5、模块输出电流过大。
前两种dc/dc故障一般不会带来很大危险, 可以故障诊断电路检测并报警。第三种失效方式比较危险,它可以烧毁应用电路,一般通过过压保护电路来实现过压保护, 另外也可以在输出端加稳压二极管来实现。设计时要合理选择二极管的参 数,防止由于温度不同造成稳压点的变化。有些模块本身自带过压保护。一般来讲, 25w以下模块无过压保护功能,25w以上模块内部设计有过压保护电路。过压保护点一般设计为135] – – 145]额定电压。详细设计时要确认模块是否具有这些功能,以免重复设计。第四种会导致输入过流,严重时烧坏印制板,一般可以通过在输入端选择合适的保险管进行保护。 保险管在布线时一般要布置在靠近电源模块的输入端,这样设计的目的是降低输入线的引线电感,避免保险管熔断时,引线电感弓|起输入端的过压。第五种dc/dc故障可以通过选择带有过流保护的电源模块,一般的电源模 决都有过流保护功能,这种模块在其内部可以通过检测变化器原边或副边电流来实现,但要损失-定的效率。在进行电压模块选择时,不是功率额定越大越好。如果降额过大,则用户板辅助短路时,由于传输压降的存在,输出电流不足以实现模块过流,有可能引起芯片过热甚至损坏。
Although the reliability of the power module is relatively high, faults may also occur. In DC/DC modules, there are generally several types of faults that may occur:
1. The output voltage of the module decreases during use;
2. The module stops working;
3. The module output voltage is too high;
4. Module input short circuit;
5. The module output current is too high.
The first two types of DC/DC faults generally do not pose significant risks and can be detected and alarmed by fault diagnosis circuits. The third failure mode is more dangerous, as it can burn out the application circuit. Generally, overvoltage protection is achieved through overvoltage protection circuits, and it can also be achieved by adding a voltage regulator diode at the output end. When designing, it is necessary to reasonably select the parameters of the diode to prevent changes in the voltage stabilization point due to different temperatures. Some modules themselves come with overvoltage protection. Generally speaking, modules below 25W do not have overvoltage protection function, while modules above 25W are internally designed with overvoltage protection circuits. The overvoltage protection point is generally designed for a rated voltage of 135 to 145. During detailed design, it is necessary to confirm whether the module has these functions to avoid duplicate design. The fourth type can cause input overcurrent, and in severe cases, burn out the printed circuit board. Generally, a suitable fuse can be selected at the input end for protection. When wiring the fuse, it is generally arranged near the input end of the power module. The purpose of this design is to reduce the lead inductance of the input line and avoid overvoltage at the input end caused by the lead inductance bow when the fuse is blown. The fifth type of DC/DC fault can be achieved by selecting a power module with overcurrent protection. Generally, power modules have overcurrent protection functions, which can be achieved internally by detecting the primary or secondary current of the transformer, but with a certain loss of efficiency. When selecting voltage modules, the higher the power rating, the better. If the derating is too large, during the auxiliary short circuit of the user board, due to the existence of transmission voltage drop, the output current is not enough to achieve module overcurrent, which may cause chip overheating or even damage.
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