伺服电机可以控制速度，位置精度非常准确，可以将电压信号转化为转矩和转速以驱动控制对象。伺服电机转子转速受输入信号控制，并能快速反应，在自动控制系统中，用作执行元件，且具有机电时间常数小、线性度高等特性，可把所收到的电信号转换成电动机轴上的角位移或角速度输出。分为直流和交流伺服电动机两大类，其主要特点是，当信号电压为零时无自转现象，转速随着转矩的增加而匀速下降。
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伺服系统（servo mechanism）是使物体的位置、方位、状态等输出被控量能够跟随输入目标（或给定值）的任意变化的自动控制系统。伺服主要靠脉冲来定位，基本上可以这样理解，伺服电机接收到1个脉冲，就会旋转1个脉冲对应的角度，从而实现位移，因为，伺服电机本身具备发出脉冲的功能，所以伺服电机每旋转一个角度，都会发出对应数量的脉冲，这样，和伺服电机接受的脉冲形成了呼应，或者叫闭环，如此一来，系统就会知道发了多少脉冲给伺服电机，同时又收了多少脉冲回来，这样，就能够很精确的控制电机的转动，从而实现精确的定位，可以达到0.001mm。直流伺服电机分为有刷和无刷电机。有刷电机成本低，结构简单，启动转矩大，调速范围宽，控制容易，需要维护，但维护不方便（换碳刷），产生电磁干扰，对环境有要求。因此它可以用于对成本敏感的普通工业和民用场合。
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The servo motor can control speed with very accurate position accuracy, and can convert voltage signals into torque and speed to drive the control object. The rotor speed of the servo motor is controlled by input signals and can react quickly. In automatic control systems, it is used as an executing element and has characteristics such as small electromechanical time constant and high linearity. It can convert the received electrical signal into angular displacement or angular velocity output on the motor shaft. It is divided into two categories: DC and AC servo motors, and its main feature is that there is no self rotation phenomenon when the signal voltage is zero, and the speed decreases uniformly with the increase of torque.
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A servo mechanism is an automatic control system that allows the output controlled variables of an object’s position, orientation, state, etc. to follow any changes in the input target (or given value). Servo mainly relies on pulses for positioning. Basically, it can be understood that when a servo motor receives one pulse, it will rotate the corresponding angle of one pulse to achieve displacement. Because the servo motor itself has the function of emitting pulses, it will emit a corresponding number of pulses for each rotation angle. This corresponds to the pulses received by the servo motor, or is called a closed loop, The system will know how many pulses are sent to the servo motor and how many pulses are received back at the same time, so that it can accurately control the rotation of the motor and achieve precise positioning, which can reach 0.001mm. DC servo motors are divided into brush and brushless motors. Brushed motors have low cost, simple structure, large starting torque, wide speed range, easy control, and require maintenance, but maintenance is not convenient (replacing carbon brushes), resulting in electromagnetic interference and environmental requirements. Therefore, it can be used in cost sensitive general industrial and civil applications.
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