温度传感器工作原理
温度传感器是最早开发，应用最广的一类传感器，是指能感受温度并转换成可用输出信号的传感器，是温度测量仪表的核心部分，品种繁多，主要基于以下工作原理:金属膨胀原理设计的传感器:金属在环境温度变化后会产生-个相应的延伸，因此传感器可以以不同方式对这种反应进行信号转换。
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双金属片式传感器:双金属片由两片不同膨胀系数的金属贴在一起而组成， 随着温度变化，材料A比另外一种金属膨胀程度要高，引起金属片弯曲。弯曲的曲率可以转换成一个输出信号 。双金属杆和金属管传感器:随着温度升高，金属管(材料A) 长度增加，而不膨胀钢杆(金属B)的长度并不增加，这样由于位置的改变, ,金属管的线性膨胀就可以进行传递。反过来，这种线性膨胀可以转换成一个输出信号。液体和气体的变形曲线设计的传感器:在温度变化时,液体和气体同样会相应产生体积的变化。多种类型的结构可以把这种膨胀的变化转换成位置的变化，这样产生位置的变化输出(电位计、感应偏差、挡流板等等)。
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Working principle of temperature sensor
Temperature sensors are the earliest developed and most widely used type of sensor. They refer to sensors that can sense temperature and convert it into usable output signals. They are the core part of temperature measurement instruments and have a wide variety of types. They are mainly designed based on the following working principles: metal expansion principle. Sensors can generate a corresponding extension after environmental temperature changes, so sensors can convert signals to this reaction in different ways.
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Bimetal sheet sensor: Bimetal sheets are composed of two pieces of metal with different expansion coefficients attached together. As temperature changes, material A expands more than the other metal, causing the metal sheet to bend. The curved curvature can be converted into an output signal. Bimetal rod and metal tube sensor: As the temperature increases, the length of the metal tube (material A) increases, while the length of the non expanding steel rod (metal B) does not increase. Therefore, due to changes in position, the linear expansion of the metal tube can be transmitted. Conversely, this linear expansion can be converted into an output signal. Sensors designed for deformation curves of liquids and gases: When temperature changes, liquids and gases will also undergo corresponding volume changes. Multiple types of structures can convert this expansion change into a position change, resulting in position change outputs (potentiometers, induction deviations, flow deflectors, etc.).
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